BASIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE FIBRES

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF        TEXTILE FIBRES

TEXTILE FIBRE:  DEFINITION:

“A fibre having the length to diameter ratio more than 100 and some basic characteristics is called textile fibre”. These basic characteristics of a textile fibre are given below:

·       Evenness.

·       Required strength.

·       Elongation and elasticity

·       Cohesive force to bind the fibres to each other.

·       Durability.

·       Flexibility.

·       Strength.

·       Fineness.

·       Extensibility.

·       Softness.

PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE FIBRES:

End use of a textile fibre is decided by taking into consideration its properties.  There are some characteristics which are essential and most important for any textile fibre. “The essential properties of a fibre to make it textile fibre are known as primary properties.

Those properties which may increase its utility, desirability, and value are called the secondary properties of a textile fibre”

PRIMARY PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE FIBRES:

Some primary properties of a textile fibre are being given below:

·       Evenness of a fibre

·       Fibre strength

·       Fineness of a fibre or micronaire value                          

·       Specific gravity or density

·       Tenacity of a fibre

·       Elongation or elasticity

·       Cohesiveness

CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE FIBRES:

Properties of a textile fibre can be divided into three main groups ie.

·       Physical properties

·       Mechanical properties

·       Chemical properties

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE FIBRES:

The physical properties of a textile fibre are:

·       Micronaire value or diameter of a fibre or fineness

·       Elasticity

·       Specific gravity

·       Visual appearance

·       Moisture absorbency.

·       Maturity ratio

·       Softness of a fibre

·       Rupture

·       Moisture regain

·       Moisture content

·       Flammability

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE FIBRES:

The mechanical properties of a textile fibre are:

·       The tensile strength of a fibre

·       Elongation

·       Tenacity

·       Rigidity

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE FIBRES:

The chemical properties of textile fibre are:

·       Solubility in aqueous salt

·       Solubility in an organic solvent

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